According to an official statement from Google, the data within your Google My Business (formerly known as Google Local Business Center) can be used to geo-location your store/website:

“Other signals can give us hints. This could be from local addresses & phone numbers on the pages, use of local language and currency, links from other local sites, and/or the use of Google’s Local Business Center (where available).” source

If you’ve entered your address on GBM and you have a website as well, the address is going to be used by Google to provide more relevant results for location-based search queries, especially on mobile devices.